Metal materials have extensive applications in aerospace, rail transportation, energy resources, and other important fields. The surface structure and characteristics of metal materials are crucial factors that features their mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. The interaction between laser and metal is a complex process, involving thermal response, mechanical response, or the coupled response. Investigating the thermo-mechanical mechanism of laser-metal interaction is of great significance for addressing the scientific problems and technical challenges of metal components for the surface property enhancement. Due to the ultrashort pulse and ultrahigh energy density, ultrafast laser demonstrates unique advantages in surface modifications and processing of metal materials. Thus, this paper focuses on the thermo-mechanical effects of ultrafast laser processing, conducting research on the combined surface processing mechanism and techniques based on the thermo-mechanical effects of ultrafast laser, with specific content as follows: ultrafast laser processing model of metal materials and the corresponding structure response are investigated. A new strategy to promote the penning uniformity during ultrafast laser processing is proposed with magnetic field treatment enhanced dislocation motion. By enhancing light absorption on the metal surface, method to increase the affected depth of nanosecond laser shock peening is proposed by ultrafast laser.
 

surface modification,metal,ultrafast laser,hybird processing